Fundamentals of Computers - Part 1 - Topic Guide and MCQs

1. According to the chapter, a computer is a man-made ______ machine.

   1. Mechanical
   2. Hydraulic
   3. Electronic
   4. Magnetic
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   Answer: (C) Electronic

   Explanation: A computer is a man-made electronic machine that receives data, processes it and produces information.

2. What is the correct order of the basic working cycle of a computer?

   1. Input → Processing → Output
   2. Processing → Input → Output
   3. Output → Processing → Input
   4. Input → Output → Processing
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   Answer: (A) Input → Processing → Output

   Explanation: The basic working of a computer follows the Input → Processing → Output cycle.

3. When you type "2 + 3" on a keyboard and "5" appears on the screen, the display of "5" is which stage?

   1. Input
   2. Processing
   3. Storage
   4. Output
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   Answer: (D) Output

   Explanation: In the chapter's example, "5" displayed on the screen is the Output stage.

4. In the example of students' marks, the computer calculating the percentage belongs to which stage?

   1. Processing
   2. Input
   3. Output
   4. Storage
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   Answer: (A) Processing

   Explanation: Typing marks is Input, calculating percentage is Processing and displaying it is Output.

5. Raw, unorganized information entered into a computer through input devices is called:

   1. Information
   2. Output
   3. Data
   4. Instruction
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   Answer: (C) Data

   Explanation: Data is raw, unorganized information entered through input devices such as keyboard, mouse or scanner.

6. Processed and organized data that becomes meaningful and useful is called:

   1. Information
   2. Data
   3. Input
   4. Instruction
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   Answer: (A) Information

   Explanation: Information is processed and organized data that is meaningful and useful.

7. Data + Processing = ?

   1. Input
   2. Instruction
   3. Information
   4. Storage
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   Answer: (C) Information

   Explanation: The chapter states: Data + Processing = Information.

8. In the chapter's example, the data 45, 78, 92 is converted into which information?

   1. Average Marks = 78
   2. Average Marks = 71.67
   3. Average Marks = 71.33
   4. Average Marks = 72.67
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   Answer: (B) Average Marks = 71.67

   Explanation: Data 45, 78, 92 becomes the information Average Marks = 71.67.

9. The data entered into a computer is called:

   1. Output
   2. Input
   3. Information
   4. Storage
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   Answer: (B) Input

   Explanation: The data entered into a computer is called Input.

10. The information produced by a computer after processing is called:

    1. Output
    2. Input
    3. Data
    4. Instruction
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    Answer: (A) Output

    Explanation: The information produced by a computer after processing is called Output.

11. Which of the following is an example of Output as given in the chapter?

    1. Clicking with mouse
    2. Audio through speakers
    3. Scanning a document
    4. Typing through keyboard
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    Answer: (B) Audio through speakers

    Explanation: Display on monitor, printed report and audio through speakers are examples of output.

12. Commands given to the computer to perform a specific task, such as "Save a file", are called:

    1. Data
    2. Information
    3. Output
    4. Instructions
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    Answer: (D) Instructions

    Explanation: Instructions are commands given to the computer to perform a specific task, e.g. save a file, print a document.

13. Computer speed refers to the number of instructions processed by the computer in:

    1. One minute
    2. One hour
    3. One second
    4. One day
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    Answer: (C) One second

    Explanation: Computer speed is the number of instructions processed in one second.

14. Among the units of computer speed, the symbol "μs" stands for:

    1. Microsecond
    2. Millisecond
    3. Nanosecond
    4. Picosecond
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    Answer: (A) Microsecond

    Explanation: The units of speed listed are Millisecond (ms), Microsecond (μs), Nanosecond (ns) and Picosecond (ps).

15. Which component executes instructions from software and hardware?

    1. Motherboard
    2. Monitor
    3. Pen Drive
    4. Processor (CPU)
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    Answer: (D) Processor (CPU)

    Explanation: The Processor (CPU) executes instructions from software and hardware.

16. Which of the following is given in the chapter as an example of a processor?

    1. Solid State Drive
    2. AMD Ryzen
    3. Cache Memory
    4. PARAM 8000
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    Answer: (B) AMD Ryzen

    Explanation: Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 and AMD Ryzen are examples of processors.

17. Which part is called the "Brain of the Computer"?

    1. CPU
    2. Monitor
    3. Keyboard
    4. Hard Disk
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    Answer: (A) CPU

    Explanation: CPU is called the brain of the computer.

18. Which unit performs arithmetic and logical operations?

    1. CU
    2. Memory Unit
    3. Motherboard
    4. ALU
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    Answer: (D) ALU

    Explanation: ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.

19. Which unit controls all the activities of a computer?

    1. ALU
    2. RAM
    3. CU
    4. SSD
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    Answer: (C) CU

    Explanation: CU (Control Unit) controls all activities of the computer.

20. According to the chapter's quick revision, CPU = ?

    1. CU + ALU + Monitor
    2. CU + ALU + Memory Unit
    3. ALU + RAM + Hard Disk
    4. CU + Motherboard + Storage
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    Answer: (B) CU + ALU + Memory Unit

    Explanation: Quick revision: CPU = CU + ALU + Memory Unit.

21. Memory is used for ______ storage of data and instructions while processing.

    1. Permanent
    2. Offline
    3. Temporary
    4. External
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    Answer: (C) Temporary

    Explanation: Memory is used for temporary storage; remember Memory = Temporary, Storage = Permanent.

22. Which of the following is given in the chapter as an example of Memory?

    1. Pen Drive
    2. CD/DVD
    3. Hard Disk Drive
    4. Cache Memory
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    Answer: (D) Cache Memory

    Explanation: RAM and Cache Memory are the examples of memory given in the chapter.

23. The main circuit board that connects all components of a computer is called:

    1. Processor
    2. Hard Disk
    3. Memory
    4. Motherboard
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    Answer: (D) Motherboard

    Explanation: The Motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all components of a computer.

24. Which component is called the "Backbone of Computer"?

    1. Motherboard
    2. CPU
    3. RAM
    4. Monitor
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    Answer: (A) Motherboard

    Explanation: Remember: Motherboard = Backbone of Computer.

25. Which of the following is a storage device that stores data permanently?

    1. RAM
    2. Solid State Drive (SSD)
    3. Cache Memory
    4. ALU
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    Answer: (B) Solid State Drive (SSD)

    Explanation: A storage device stores data permanently, e.g. HDD, SSD, Pen Drive, CD/DVD.

Fundamentals of Computers - Part 1 is factual rather than analytical: you either recall it in seconds or you lose the mark to somebody who did. That makes it one of the cheapest sections to convert - a handful of short sittings usually settles the whole cluster.

Expect one-line recall questions - definitions, stand-for expansions, identifiers and the ordering of things. Practise the wording as well as the concept: these papers test terminology, and the set above uses the same four-option shape they do.

Past papers reuse clusters like this almost verbatim across years and posts. Run the same set until every distractor is familiar - previous-year style questions stop being recall and start being free marks.